Stephen was born in Oxford during WWII, the eldest of four children to parents Dr Frank Hawking and Eileen Isobel Hawking. Higgs boson is a particle which was proposed to exist as part of the Higgs field theory by Peter Higgs in 1964. [62] Part of the transformation resulted from his decision to join the college boat-club, the University College Boat Club, where he coxed a rowing-crew. Januar 1942 in Oxford Hawking began his university education at University College, Oxford, in October 1959 at the age of 17, where he received a first-class BA (Hons.) Stephen had two younger sisters and an adopted brother. [362][363] He warned that aliens might pillage Earth for resources. No one created the universe and no one directs our fate. [219][220], In August 2015, Hawking said that not all information is lost when something enters a black hole and there might be a possibility to retrieve information from a black hole according to his theory. [281][282] Nurses were hired for the three shifts required to provide the round-the-clock support he required. Da ihm nach einer gefährlichen Lungenentzündung in den Achtzigerjahren in Genf als Notfallmaßnahme ein Luftröhrenschnitt gesetzt werden musste, He said, "Climate change is one of the great dangers we face, and it's one we can prevent if we act now. To communicate with others, someone who knew him well would interpret his speech into intelligible speech. [122][123] He was appointed a professor with a chair in gravitational physics in 1977. [311][312][313] His family stated that he "died peacefully". [334][335][note 1] In June 2018, it was announced that Hawking's words, set to music by Greek composer Vangelis, would be beamed into space from a European space agency satellite dish in Spain with the aim of reaching the nearest black hole, 1A 0620-00. ", "Stephen Hawking, "Equal to Anything!" ",[142] also stating "If we discover a complete theory, it would be the ultimate triumph of human reason – for then we should know the mind of God";[143] in his early work, Hawking spoke of God in a metaphorical sense. [Excerpt]", "Stephen Hawking: "I'm happy if I have added something to our understanding of the universe, "Stephen Hawking's PhD thesis, explained simply", "Stephen Hawking to retire as Cambridge's Professor of Mathematics", "Stephen Hawking: 'There is no heaven; it's a fairy story, "How God propelled Stephen Hawking into the bestsellers lists", "Stephen Hawking warns Government over 'disastrous' science funding cuts", "Why Professor Stephen Hawking never had a knighthood", "John Preskill's comments about Stephen Hawking's concession", "Stephen Hawking: driven by a cosmic force of will", "Populating the landscape: A top-down approach", "Stephen Hawking's black holes 'blunder' stirs debate", "Why Some Physicists Bet Against the Higgs Boson", "Stephen Hawking loses Higgs boson particle bet – Video", "Higgs boson breakthrough should earn physicist behind search Nobel Prize: Stephen Hawking", "Oldest, space-travelled, science prize awarded to Hawking", "Obama presents presidential medal of freedom to 16 recipients", "2013 Fundamental Physics Prize Awarded to Alexander Polyakov", "The Stephen W. Hawking Science Museum in San Salvador Central America Honours the Fortitude of a Great Living Scientist", "Grand Opening of the Stephen Hawking Centre at Perimeter Institute", "Professor Stephen Hawking to stay at Cambridge University beyond 2012", "Time Travel Simulation Resolves 'Grandfather Paradox, "Searching for ET: Hawking to look for extraterrestrial life", "Tomorrow's World returns to BBC with startling warning from Stephen Hawking – we must leave Earth", "Stephen Hawking will test his theory that humans must leave Earth. I believe in universal health care. That is why I asked the question, to get people to think about it, and to be aware of the dangers we now face. Update: Stephen Hawking passed away on March 14, 2018. Auszeichnungen: u.a. Danach übersiedelte er nach Cambridge, wo er am Trinity College das Doktoratsstudium in Kosmologie und Astronomie aufnahm. [285] In a method he used for the rest of his life, Hawking could now simply press a switch to select phrases, words or letters from a bank of about 2,500–3,000 that were scanned. "[4] A change occurred during his second and third years when, according to Berman, Hawking made more of an effort "to be one of the boys". [168] In the 1989 Birthday Honours, he was appointed a Companion of Honour (CH). Although Hawking had difficulty walking unsupported, and his speech was almost unintelligible, an initial diagnosis that he had only two years to live proved unfounded. [3] One doctoral student did not successfully complete the PhD. Also in 2008, while traveling to Spain, Hawking … She refused, but the consequence was a tracheotomy, which required round-the-clock nursing care and the removal of what remained of his speech. [34] His paternal great-grandmother saved the family from financial ruin by opening a school in their home. As Hawking insisted, this time the focus was entirely on science. [302] In 2013, the biographical documentary film Hawking, in which Hawking himself is featured, was released. Stephen admitted to being a late developer and recalled that he was never more than halfway up the class at St Albans School. Credit: NASA/Paul Alers. Zeitungen als Journalistin tätig zu werden. degree in physics and completing a trip to Iran with a friend, he began his graduate work at Trinity Hall, Cambridge, in October 1962. Theorien innerhalb der Physik und Astronomie zu einem Teil der internationalen Populärkultur. Einflüsse: Albert Einstein Hawking's association with atheism and freethinking was in evidence from his university years onwards, when he had been a member of Oxford University's humanist group. Besonders seine Arbeiten "Eine kurze Geschichte der Zeit" aus dem Jahr 1988 sowie seine populärwissenschaftlichen "[371] In an interview published in The Guardian, Hawking regarded "the brain as a computer which will stop working when its components fail", and the concept of an afterlife as a "fairy story for people afraid of the dark". This leads me to a profound realisation. Hawking used a variety of different chairs from that time, including a DragonMobility Dragon elevating powerchair from 2007, as shown in the April 2008 photo of Hawking attending NASA's 50th anniversary;[271] a Permobil C350 from 2014; and then a Permobil F3 from 2016. Aus dieser [186], Starting in the 1990s, Hawking accepted the mantle of role model for disabled people, lecturing and participating in fundraising activities. [301], In August 2012, Hawking narrated the "Enlightenment" segment of the 2012 Summer Paralympics opening ceremony in London. [101] Hawking's first book, The Large Scale Structure of Space-Time, written with George Ellis, was published in 1973. [288], Released from the need to use somebody to interpret his speech, Hawking commented that "I can communicate better now than before I lost my voice. During this period—in 1963—Hawking was diagnosed with an early-onset, slow-progressing form of motor neurone disease (also known as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) or Lou Gehrig's disease) that gradually paralysed him over the decades. [38] Hawking's father wanted his son to attend the well-regarded Westminster School, but the 13-year-old Hawking was ill on the day of the scholarship examination. "[364][365] However, he argued that we should be more frightened of capitalism exacerbating economic inequality than robots. [69] After receiving a first-class BA (Hons.) Expeditionen an die Grenzen der Raumzeit" und "Die kürzeste Geschichte der Zeit" standen wochenlang auf den Bestsellerlisten. [262][263] The physicist Werner Israel later compared the achievements to Mozart composing an entire symphony in his head. [395], At the release party for the home video version of the A Brief History of Time, Leonard Nimoy, who had played Spock on Star Trek, learned that Hawking was interested in appearing on the show. [307][361], Hawking stated that, given the vastness of the universe, aliens likely exist, but that contact with them should be avoided. His father wanted him to make his career in the medical field. and proposed N=8 Supergravity as the leading theory to solve many of the outstanding problems physicists were studying. [240], By the 1980s, Hawking's marriage had been strained for many years. Full name: Stephen William Hawking Born: 8 January 1942 Hometown: Oxford, England Occupation: Scientist Died: 14 March 2018 Best known for: His work on explaining the origins of the universe and black holes. [351] Such a planet-wide disaster need not result in human extinction if the human race were to be able to colonise additional planets before the disaster. Despite his headmaster's advice to wait until the next year, Hawking was awarded a scholarship after taking the examinations in March 1959. [241] The impact of his celebrity was challenging for colleagues and family members, while the prospect of living up to a worldwide fairytale image was daunting for the couple. [86], The couple resided in Cambridge, within Hawking's walking distance to the Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics (DAMTP). [278], During a visit to CERN on the border of France and Switzerland in mid-1985, Hawking contracted pneumonia, which in his condition was life-threatening; he was so ill that Jane was asked if life support should be terminated. Seither war er zur Kommunikation auf einen Sprachcomputer angewiesen. He believed that philosophers "have not kept up with modern developments in science" and that scientists "have become the bearers of the torch of discovery in our quest for knowledge". [21], Hawking had experienced increasing clumsiness during his final year at Oxford, including a fall on some stairs and difficulties when rowing. [174], After discovering his concession might have been premature, a new and more refined wager was made. He said that philosophical problems can be answered by science, particularly new scientific theories which "lead us to a new and very different picture of the universe and our place in it".[368]. 1. [223][224], Hawking met his future wife, Jane Wilde, at a party in 1962. Empfehlenswerte Literatur zu Stephen Hawking: Design G. Wolfgang Open Web Design | Timothy’s Early Life, Siblings, and Family. Nach seiner Schulausbildung sollte er dem Wunsch seines Vaters gemäß ebenfalls Medizin studieren, entschloss sich jedoch dazu, Diagnose, die bei ihm im Alter von 21 Jahren gestellt wurde, gab Stephen Hawkins sein Studium auf Anraten seines Professors Dr. Dennis Sciama, eines anerkannten Kosmologen nicht auf und [387] He stated, "I have received excellent medical attention in Britain, and I felt it was important to set the record straight. I'm an atheist. Hawking heiratete Mason im Jahr 1995, die Ehe hielt elf Jahre. [279][280] The National Health Service was ready to pay for a nursing home, but Jane was determined that he would live at home. Nachdem ihm ein Stipendium an der Universität Oxford gewährt wurde, schloss er dort sein Studium im Jahr 1962 mit dem Bachelor-Grad ab. By denying the evidence for climate change, and pulling out of the Paris Agreement, Donald Trump will cause avoidable environmental damage to our beautiful planet, endangering the natural world, for us and our children. [56][57][58] Hawking's father advised him to study medicine, concerned that there were few jobs for mathematics graduates. "[358], In 2006, Hawking posed an open question on the Internet: "In a world that is in chaos politically, socially and environmentally, how can the human race sustain another 100 years? Their joint essay was the runner-up in the 1968 Gravity Research Foundation competition. He was 76 years old. Kindheit und Ausbildung: [160], Media attention was intense,[161] and a Newsweek magazine-cover and a television special both described him as "Master of the Universe". [226] The two were married on 14 July 1965 in their shared hometown of St Albans. [164][169] He reportedly declined a knighthood in the late 1990s in objection to the UK's science funding policy. [103][102] His work in this area was spurred by a visit to Moscow and discussions with Yakov Borisovich Zel'dovich and Alexei Starobinsky, whose work showed that according to the uncertainty principle, rotating black holes emit particles. Hawking's equation, which involves the speed of light, … He began his graduate work at Trinity Hall, Cambridge, in October 1962, where he obtained his PhD degree in applied mathematics and theoretical physics, specialising in general relativity and cosmology in March 1966. [124][238][239] Jane and Hellyer Jones were determined not to break up the family, and their relationship remained platonic for a long period. [124][236][237] According to Jane, her husband was accepting of the situation, stating "he would not object so long as I continued to love him". [217], On 20 July 2015, Hawking helped launch Breakthrough Initiatives, an effort to search for extraterrestrial life. Stephen Hawking was born in Oxford, England on January 8, 1942. The memoir also opens the door for us to assume that Jonathan Hellyer Jones is the father of Timothy. Durch seine schwere Erkrankung des motorischen Nervensystems, die ihn Jahrzehnte an den [192], By 2003, consensus among physicists was growing that Hawking was wrong about the loss of information in a black hole. [323], His private funeral took place on 31 March 2018,[324] at Great St Mary's Church, Cambridge. Timothy is the third son of the much-acclaimed theoretical physicist, cosmologist, and author, Stephen Hawking. Higgs boson was discovered in July 2012. [99][100] His essay titled "Black Holes" won the Gravity Research Foundation Award in January 1971. [290], Hawking gradually lost the use of his hand, and in 2005 he began to control his communication device with movements of his cheek muscles,[293][294][295] with a rate of about one word per minute. [310], Hawking died at his home in Cambridge on 14 March 2018, at the age of 76. [60][61], Hawking began his university education at University College, Oxford,[26] in October 1959 at the age of 17. Hawking was born on 8 January 1942[24][25] [205] He was awarded the Copley Medal from the Royal Society (2006),[206] the Presidential Medal of Freedom, which is America's highest civilian honour (2009),[207] and the Russian Special Fundamental Physics Prize (2013). Stephen Hawking is a name that is impossible to ignore, at least if you’re a human from Earth. "[371], Hawking feared privatisation. The film, while a critical success, was not widely released. It might also be the last, unless we learn how to avoid the risks. The Stephen Hawking Medal for Science Communication is an annual award initiated in 2016 to honour members of the arts community for contributions that help build awareness of science. Alter von nur 32 Jahren als bis dato jüngster Wissenschaftler für seine unermüdlichen Bemühungen, die Relativitätstheorie und die Quantenmechanik zu vereinheitlichen, die Mitgliedschaft [298] At the turn of the century, he and eleven other humanitarians signed the Charter for the Third Millennium on Disability, which called on governments to prevent disability and protect the rights of the disabled. The mid-to-late 1970s were a period of growing public interest in black holes and the physicists who were studying them. He always looked at the stars and the sky. [157] The book was published in April 1988 in the US and in June in the UK, and it proved to be an extraordinary success, rising quickly to the top of best-seller lists in both countries and remaining there for months. In collaboration with G. Ellis, Hawking is the author of an impressive and original treatise on "Space-time in the Large". Hellyer Jones became close to the Hawking family, and by the mid-1980s, he and Jane had developed romantic feelings for each other. Hawking was a Fellow of the Royal Society, a lifetime member of the Pontifical Academy of Sciences, and a recipient of the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the highest civilian award in the United States. [191] For practical reasons related to his disability, Hawking increasingly travelled by private jet, and by 2011 that had become his only mode of international travel. [179] A popular-level collection of essays, interviews, and talks titled Black Holes and Baby Universes and Other Essays was published in 1993,[180] and a six-part television series Stephen Hawking's Universe and a companion book appeared in 1997. Wortwahl prägnanten und dadurch als rein empfundenen Geist reduziert ist. [76] After being diagnosed with motor neurone disease, Hawking fell into a depression – though his doctors advised that he continue with his studies, he felt there was little point. Krankheit geprägtes Erscheinungsbild und seine unermüdliche Öffentlichkeitsarbeit verliehen dem Physiker ein Image, das gänzlich ohne Mimik und Gestik auskommt und auf einen in der kargen und den schwarzen Löchern auch einem breiteren Publikum bekannt machten. [36][37], In 1950, when Hawking's father became head of the division of parasitology at the National Institute for Medical Research, the family moved to St Albans, Hertfordshire. [153][154] A first draft of the book, called A Brief History of Time, was completed in 1984. [163] Hawking travelled extensively to promote his work, and enjoyed partying and dancing into the small hours. [1][326][331][332], Inscribed on his memorial stone are the words "Here lies what was mortal of Stephen Hawking 1942–2018" and his most famed equation. Science will win because it works. [399] Hawking appeared in documentaries titled The Real Stephen Hawking (2001),[300] Stephen Hawking: Profile (2002)[400] and Hawking (2013), and the documentary series Stephen Hawking, Master of the Universe (2008). [196], As part of another longstanding scientific dispute, Hawking had emphatically argued, and bet, that the Higgs boson would never be found. berufen wurde. Hawking received numerous awards and honours. He was shown to sing an extended version of the “Galaxy Song”, after running down Brian Cox with his wheelchair, in a pre-recorded video. Im Jahr 1990 ließen sich Stephen und Jane Hawking scheiden, da der Wissenschaftler eine Affäre mit seiner persönlichen Hawking passed away on March 14, 2018, at the age of 76. – was posthumously published in the Journal of High Energy Physics on 27 April 2018. [20][21] After the loss of his speech, he was able to communicate through a speech-generating device—initially through use of a handheld switch, and eventually by using a single cheek muscle. 1990: Scheidung von Jane Wilde. Aus dieser Ehe gehen drei Kinder hervor. He was later scheduled to appear as the keynote speaker at a 2017 Humanists UK conference. This information paradox violates the fundamental tenet of quantum mechanics, and led to years of debate, including "the Black Hole War" with Leonard Susskind and Gerard 't Hooft. [307][360] Hawking stated: "I regard it as almost inevitable that either a nuclear confrontation or environmental catastrophe will cripple the Earth at some point in the next 1,000 years", and considered an "asteroid collision" to be the biggest threat to the planet. Eltern: Frank Hawking und Isobel Hawking (geb. [176][177] Thorne and Hawking argued that since general relativity made it impossible for black holes to radiate and lose information, the mass-energy and information carried by Hawking radiation must be "new", and not from inside the black hole event horizon. [221] In July 2017, Hawking was awarded an Honorary Doctorate from Imperial College London. 2001: Veröffentlichung des populärwissenschaftlichen Werkes "Das Universum in der Nussschale". Dieses Image strahlt eine große, in Wissenschaftlerkreisen einzigartige Faszination aus. Stephen Hawking, Actor: Star Trek: The Next Generation. [309] At the time, the date of Hawking's trip to space was projected to be as early as 2009, but commercial flights to space did not commence before his death. It was a shocking, controversial idea. Following the pioneering work of Penrose he established, partly alone and partly in collaboration with Penrose, a series of successively stronger theorems establishing the fundamental result that all realistic cosmological models must possess singularities. [129] In 1981, he proposed that information in a black hole is irretrievably lost when a black hole evaporates. "[367], At Google's Zeitgeist Conference in 2011, Hawking said that "philosophy is dead". [48] The family placed a high value on education. [261] As he slowly lost the ability to write, he developed compensatory visual methods, including seeing equations in terms of geometry. 1966: Promotion zum Thema "Properties of Expanding Universes". [251], In 2006, Hawking and Mason quietly divorced,[252][253] and Hawking resumed closer relationships with Jane, his children, and his grandchildren. Stephen Hawking’s marriage to his second wife also ended in divorce. We have this one life to appreciate the grand design of the universe, and for that, I am extremely grateful.[372][373]. Von 1979 bis 2009 war er Inhaber des renommierten Lucasischen Lehrstuhls für Mathematik an der Universität Cambridge. [357] The same month, it was reported that Hawking's nurse, Patricia Dowdy, had been handed an interim suspension in 2016 for "failures over his care and financial misconduct. I've called it both at one time or another. But now science offers a more convincing explanation. [249] After his second marriage, Hawking's family felt excluded and marginalised from his life. [52] From 1958 on, with the help of the mathematics teacher Dikran Tahta, they built a computer from clock parts, an old telephone switchboard and other recycled components. [277] His lack of engagement in this area led to some criticism. Stephen William Hawking CH, CBE, FRS, FRSA (i / ˈ s t iː v ə n ˈ h ɔː k ɪ ŋ /; 8 Januar 1942 – 14 Mairch 2018) wis an Inglis theoretical pheesicist, cosmologist, author an Director o Research at the Centre for Theoretical Cosmology within the Varsity o Cambridge. ", "Stephen Hawking, Go Compare and a brief history of selling out", "Professor Stephen Hawking to trademark name", "The Hitchhikers Guide to the Galaxy' is back with the original cast", "StarTalk Season 4, Episode 20: Stephen Hawking", "Certificate of election: Hawking, Stephen, EC/1974/12", "Pride of Britain 2016: Stephen Hawking makes Brexit joke at PM Theresa May's expense", "Stephen Hawking Medals For Science Communication", "Winners of inaugural Stephen Hawking medal announced", "Stephen Hawking's final work will try to answer some of the biggest questions in the universe – Book will collect the late professor's most profound and celebrated writings", "Last night on television: Stephen Hawking: Master of the Universe (Channel 4) – The Palace (ITV1)", "Brave New World with Stephen Hawking, episode one, Channel 4, review", "Stephen Hawking: A Brief History of Mine – TV review", "Eddie Redmayne plays Stephen Hawking in 'Theory of Everything' trailer", "Is the end in sight for the Lucasian chair? So, when asked at the viva to describe his plans, he said, "If you award me a First, I will go to Cambridge. [126][214] Despite suggestions that he might leave the United Kingdom as a protest against public funding cuts to basic scientific research,[215] Hawking worked as director of research at the Cambridge University Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics.