Today, the current Sultan of Sokoto is regarded as the traditional religious leader (Sarkin Musulmi) of Sunni Hausa-Fulani in Nigeria and beyond. Additionally, you’ll discover the sizes of all those individual states and that of the entire Hausaland. olygamy in the marriage in the culture is allowed as well as divorce. We have listed some of the richest tribes in Nigeria and seen how each has its unique qualities. Hausa/Fulani Pre-Colonial Political Administration. The Hausa people are found in various parts of West Africa. A round ends if an opponent is knocked out, a fighter's knee, body or hand touch the ground, inactivity or halted by an official. Ever before the commencement of colonialism, the people of what later became known as Nigeria were living under different administration or political arrangements. This is the tradition. The Hausa states in Nigeria are states that are predominantly dominated by the Hausas. [55], Muhammad Rumfa was the Sultan of the Sultanate of Kano, located in modern-day Kano State, Northern Nigeria. The Men hunt and go fish, while women are mostly involved in pottery, baskets, mats, knitting, etc. by Dr. Michael Egbosiuba . Many Hausa traditions were preserved until late in the twentieth century. [23] Daura city is the cultural center of the Hausa people. Except in very wet or cold weather cooking takes place in the open courtyard of the multi-generational extended family compound, or gida.Cooking for family members is a female activity shared, or rotated, among co-wives in what are more often than not polygamous households. However, Edward Powe, a researcher of Nigerian martial art culture recognizes striking similarities in stance and single wrapped fist  of Hausa boxers to images of ancient Egyptian boxers from the 12th and 13th dynasties. The Hausa culture is strongly linked to Islam, which makes it difficult to reach this people group with the Gospel. Traditional medicine is still prevalent in Nigeria and also within Hausa society. This is usually done by drawing a vertical line from below the bottom lip down to the chin. He was known as a stabilising force in Nigerian politics, particularly in 1966 after the assassination of Ahmadu Bello, the Premier of Northern Nigeria.[64]. It is also one of the largest tribes in West Africa. [42], Other Hausa have mixed with ethnic groups southwards such as the Yoruba of old Oyo, Nupe and Igbirra in the northern fringes of the forest belt and in similar fashion to their Sahelian neighbors have heavily influenced the cultures of these groups. #6 Hausa folklore. The country has over 521 languages and over 1150 dialects and ethnic groups. They are predominantly muslims but some are Christians. 5. Some of the most prominent ethnic groups include the likes of the Fulani, Hausa, Igbo, Yoruba, and Ijaw. Likewise, many Hausa cultural practices, including such overt features as dress and food, are shared by other Muslim communities. The Hausas and the Fulanis make up a significant portion of Nigeria (by population and even landmass). The gates are as old as the walls and were used to control movement of people in and out of the city. The Hausa language is written in Arabic characters, and about one quarter of Hausa words are made up of Arabic. Marriage. Fighters usually end up with split brows, broken jaws and noses or even sustain brain damage. People of urbanized areas tend to retain a "cult of spirit possession," known as Bori. The processes are also not stressful compared to the two other regions in Nigeria. In other words, all the Hausa people share similar beliefs and customs. The culture of Nigeria is shaped by Nigeria's multiple ethnic groups. The Hausa-speaking people of Africa occupy mainly the savannah belt, including Niger, Benin, Chad, Ghana and Nigeria. Across the Nigerian borders the Hausas are natives of the northern parts of many West African countries. [57][58] Muhammad Rumfa was also responsible for much of the Islamisation of Kano, as he urged prominent residents to convert. The Gobarau minaret, a symbol of the state, is an early example of Islamic architecture in a city that prides itself as an important Islamic learning centre. It is believed to be the product of an ancestral nation that branched to create the Hausa, the people of Gwandara language, Biram, Kanuri, Nupe peoples, the Kwatarkwashi Culture of Tsafe or Chafe in present-day Zamfara State located to the North west of Nok is thought to be the same as or an earlier ancestor of the Nok. The Hausa cultural practices stand unique in Nigeria and have withstood the test of time due to strong traditions, cultural pride as well as an efficient precolonial native system of government. In Hausa culture, it is considered haram to eat pig meat or consume any pig products in Hausa land because the pig … They surprised the British, who had expected the Hausa to turn to cotton production. "[81], A "Hausa ethnic flag" was proposed in 1966 (according to online reports dated 2001). By the 14th century, Islam was becoming widespread in Hausaland as Wangara scholars, scholars and traders from Mali and scholars and traders from the Maghreb brought the religion with them. Other Hausa have also moved to large coastal cities in the region such as Lagos, Port Harcourt, Accra, Abidjan, Banjul and Cotonou as well as to parts of North Africa such as Libya over the course of the last 500 years. They can be recognized by their facial scarification. Such grain-based meals are called tuwo in their native language. [61], From 1804 to 1808, the Fulani, another Islamic African ethnic group that spanned West Africa and have settled in Hausaland since the early 1500s, with support of already oppressed Hausa peasants revolted against oppressive cattle tax and religious persecution under the new king of Gobir, whose predecessor and father had tolerated Muslim evangelists and even favoured the leading Muslim cleric of the day, Sheikh Usman Dan Fodio whose life the new king had sought end. Hausa people also like to eat rice, millet, and maize. The Empire arose in today’s North-Western and North-Central Nigeria. b. These results are consistent with linguistic and archeological data, suggesting a possible common ancestry of Nilo-Saharan speaking populations from an eastern Sudanese homeland within the past ~10,500 years, with subsequent bi-directional migration westward to Lake Chad and southward into modern day southern Sudan, and more recent migration eastward into Kenya and Tanzania ~3,000 ya (giving rise to Southern Nilotic speakers) and westward into Chad ~2,500 ya (giving rise to Central Sudanic speakers) (S62, S65, S67, S74). It was in Daura where he met the king if … There are several ethnic Nigeria, Hausa ethnic group is one of the largest and most popular. Usually, breakfast consists of cakes and dumplings made from ground beans and fried, known as kosai; or made from wheat flour soaked for a day, fried and served with sugar or chili, known as funkaso. Nigeria is a multi-religious country with Islam, Christianity and Traditional African religion being the three most popular religions in the country. Hausa, people found chiefly in northwestern Nigeria and adjacent southern Niger. READ ALSO: Top native styles on Bella Naija. They are predominantly muslims but some are Christians. Think of the following acts as of taboo when you are visiting Hausa tribes: These are some of the things you should never eat, wear or do when you are on Hausa land. The tribes in Nigeria are grouped into two categories: the majority and the minority. There is something grand about this industry, which spreads to the north as far as Murzuk, Ghat and even Tripoli, to the West, not only to Timbuctu, but in some degree even as far as the shores of the Atlantic, the very inhabitants of Arguin dressing in the cloth woven and dyed in Kano; to the east, all over Borno, ...and to the south...it invades the whole of Adamawa and is only limited by the pagans who wear no clothing.”[40][41] In clear testimony to T. L Hodgkin's claim, the people of Agadez and Saharan areas of central Niger, the Tuareg and the Hausa groups are indistinguishable from each other in their traditional clothing; both wear the tagelmust and indigo Babban Riga/Gandora. [22] Still a status symbol of the traditional nobility in Hausa society, the horse still features in the Eid day celebrations, known as Ranar Sallah (in English: the Day of the Prayer). The town predates all the other major Hausa towns in tradition and culture. It became an important centre for learning, attracting scholars and students from far and wide, and later served as a kind of university. The savannah region in northern Nigeria is the home of the Hausa people. Hausa traditional marriage is based mostly on Islam. Dambe is a brutal form of traditional martial art associated with the Hausa people of West Africa. Radio and television broadcasting in Hausa is ubiquitous in northern Nigeria and Niger, and radio stations in Cameroon have regular Hausa broadcasts, as do international broadcasters such as the BBC, VOA, Deutsche Welle, Radio Moscow, Radio Beijing, RFI France, IRIB Iran, and others. Orthodox Sunni Islam of the Maliki madhhab, is the predominant and historically established religion of the Hausa people. A proposed migration of proto-Chadic Afroasiatic speakers ~7,000 ya from the central Sahara into the Lake Chad Basin may have caused many western Nilo-Saharans to shift to Chadic languages (S99). The trip will evolve from the tropical Southwest to the dry North. that were originally organized to celebrate harvests but over the generations developed into sporting events for entertainment purposes. 5 months ago by Ryan Mutuku. HAUSA/FULANI CULTURE AND IMPORTANCE ; Hausa/Fulani ethnic group is made up of two hitherto different ethnic groups that have now intermixed to the extent that they are regarded as one inseparable ethnic nation. The Empire arose in today’s North-Western and North-Central Nigeria. Hausa is the most widely spoken language in West Africa and the primary language spoken in all northern states in Nigeria. Traditional marriage in Hausa land is less expensive than that of the Igbos and Yoruba cultures. [67], But, the Sultan of Sokoto continued to be regarded as an important Muslim spiritual and religious position; the lineage connection to dan Fodio has continued to be recognised. Created as a colonial entity by the British, Nigeria was divided between a mainly Muslim north and a mainly Christian and animist south. Hausa is the oldest known written language in West Africa, dating back to before 1000 C.E. The Hausa are an ethnic group found in northern Nigeria and southern Niger. In this post, we’ll provide you with the names of all the states where Hausa people are indigenous settlers. The town predates all the other major Hausa towns in tradition and culture. Although the origin of these cultures remains a mystery, legend holds that Bayajidda, a traveler from the Middle East, married the Queen of Daura and bore him seven sons. It is one of the biggest communities here and it has some really unique traditions and cultural practices. The remainder belong to various African paternal lineages: 15.6% B, 12.5% A and 12.5% E1b1a. Nigeria’s culture is made up of several ethnic groups that speak 527 different languages. Of these, the Kingdom of Daura was the first, according to the Bayajidda Legend. Foods preferred by these tribes include vegetables (pumpkin, spinach, okra) with soup or porridge and fish. [74], "From K = 5-13, all Nilo-Saharan speaking populations from southern Sudan, and Chad cluster with west-central Afroasiatic Chadic-speaking populations (Fig. Here are the most popular ones: The wide-spread Hausa traditions are popular in the North of the country. Most Hausa speakers, regardless of ethnic affiliation, are Muslims; Hausa often serves as a lingua franca among Muslims in non-Hausa areas. Many of their early mosques and palaces are bright and colourful, including intricate engraving or elaborate symbols designed into the facade[79] This architectural style is known as Tubali which means architecture in the Hausa language. He and Korau discussed the idea of building a mosque to serve as a centre for spiritual and intellectual activities. [51] By the 12th century AD the Hausa were becoming one of Africa's major trading powers, competing with Kanem-Bornu and the Mali Empire. [73], In terms of overall ancestry, an autosomal DNA study by Tishkoff et al. The ancient Kano city walls were built in order to provide security to the growing population. The Muslim religion became the factor that united two similar (but still a bit different) cultures into one Hausa-Fulani Culture. Through the Hausa language, it is thus possible to convey a very specific concept of the perception of health within the society. These large flowing gowns usually feature elaborate embroidery designs around the neck and chest area. -----International Festival of Language and CultureColours of the Worldtwitter.com/intFLCinstagram.com/intFLCyoutube.com/intFLCwww.intFLC.org Many Fulani in the region do not distinguish themselves from the Hausa, as they have long intermarried, they share the Islamic religion and more than half of all Nigerian Fulani have integrated into Hausa culture. TYPES OF CULTURE IN NIGERIA AND THEIR IMPORTANCE. Islam being accepted as a religion, whatever contradicts its tenets is null and void. Since majority of Hausas are Muslims, they do nothing that Holy Quran forbids. How Traditional Marriage Rites is Done In Hausa Land The Hausa ethnic group is the most populous ethnic group in Nigeria and the most dominant tribe in Northern Nigeria. Their long history of city-states and Islamic caliphates, their complex trading economies, and their cultural traditions have attracted the attention of historians, political economists, linguists, and … The British established the Northern Nigeria Protectorate to govern the region, which included most of the Sokoto empire and its most important emirates. However, there exists a large number of other tribes with over 520 languages, some of which had initially branched out from these main three.This is an ultimate guide to some of the indigenous people of Nigeria. Religion. Nigeria, the most populous black nation in the world, is a culturally diversed country, with multitude of ethnic groups living together as one. In fact a large number of Fulani living in Hausa regions cannot speak Fulfulde at all and speak Hausa as their first language. The mosque's origin is attributed to the efforts of the influential Islamic scholar Sheikh Muhammad al-Maghili and Sultan Muhammadu Korau of Katsina. Nationalencyklopedin "Världens 100 största språk 2007" (The World's 100 Largest Languages in 2007), largest ethnic group in sub-Saharan Africa, "Nigerian Eritreans - The history of Hausa and Bargo in Eritrea", "All In The Language Family: The Afro-Asiatic Languages", "» Horse Talk: Horse Breeding in Niger Esther Garvi: Niger, West Africa", "La famille chamito-sémitique (ou afro-asiatique)", "Karatun Allo: The Islamic System Of Elementary Education In Hausaland", "404 Error Page - University of Liverpool", http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/nok/hd_nok2.htm, "Hausa City States (Nigeria) - The Black Past: Remembered and Reclaimed", "Spread of Islam in West Africa (part 3 of 3): The Empires of Kanem-Bornu and Hausa-Fulani Land", "Saudi Aramco World : From Africa, in Ajami", "50 Greatest Africans - Sarki Muhammad Rumfa & Emperor Semamun", "Caravans Across the Desert: Marketplace", Colonialism by Proxy, Hausa Imperial Agents and Middle Belt Consciousness in Nigeria, "Population and Agriculture in the Sokoto-Rima Basin of North-West Nigeria: A Study of Political Intervention, Adaptation and Change, 1800-1980", "Hausa language, alphabets and pronunciation", "Y-Chromosome Variation Among Sudanese: Restricted Gene Flow, Concordance With Language, Geography, and History", "The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans", "Nigerian roadside barbecue shacks thrive in the midst of Islamist insurgency", The Subversive Women Who Self-Publish Novels Amid Jihadist War, Hausa Information at Art and Life in Africa Online, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hausa_people&oldid=1016929711, Articles with French-language sources (fr), Articles with dead external links from April 2017, Articles needing the year an event occurred from May 2018, "Related ethnic groups" needing confirmation, Articles using infobox ethnic group with image parameters, Articles with unsourced statements from December 2020, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 9 April 2021, at 20:38. This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply. Most of the religious practices in their African Traditional rel… The trousers are loose at the top and center, but rather tight around the legs. Analyses of mtDNA provide evidence for divergence ~8,000 ya of a distinct mtDNA lineage present at high frequency in the Chadic populations and suggest an East African origin for most mtDNA lineages in these populations (S100)."[74]. Minority ethnic groups live throughout the nation although higher concentrations of these groups live in the northern and the middle regions of Nigeria. In the 16th century, the walls were further extended to their present position. Nigeria is replete with rich heritage, culture, and tradition that has been preserved by every tribe, individually. The women can be identified by wrappers called zani, made with colourful cloth known as atampa or Ankara, (a descendant of early designs from the famous Tie-dye techniques the Hausa have for centuries been known for, named after the Hausa name for Accra the capital of what is now Ghana, and where an old Hausa speaking trading community still lives) accompanied by a matching blouse, head tie (kallabi) and shawl (Gyale). The Cuisine of Niger. Although the origin of these cultures remains a mystery, legend holds that Bayajidda, a traveler from the Middle East, married the Queen of Daura and bore him seven sons. Other images show figures on horseback, indicating that the Nok culture possessed the horse. The dignitary is portrayed wearing a "crooked baton"[44][45] The dignitary is also portrayed sitting with flared nostrils, and an open mouth suggesting performance. They speak the Hausa language, an Afro-Asiatic language of the Chadic group. Their impact in Nigeria is paramount, as the Hausa-Fulani amalgamation has controlled Nigerian politics for much of its independent history. The Hausa tribe is one of the three prominent ethnic groups in Nigeria. Men also wear colourful embroidered caps known as hula. Following independence in 1960, three provinces were formed along tribal lines, the Hausa and Fulani (north), Yoruba (south-west), and Igbo (south-east). A Hausa boy wearing traditional cloths (Babban riga and rawani), A teenage Hausa boy wearing traditional cloths, An adult Hausa man in Babban riga and Alasho, Aisha Buhari wearing Hausa clothes and hijab, which consists of the kallabi matching the dress cloth design, and gyale draped over the shoulder or front, Turai Yar'adua wearing atampa and dan kwali, note the henna designs on the fingertips instead of nail polish, Kannywood actress wearing gyale in Hausa style, along with henna applied on fingers, The architecture of the Hausa is perhaps one of the least known but most beautiful of the medieval age. In the more remote areas of Hausaland, the people continue to practise Maguzanci. The Hausa are culturally and historically closest to other Sahelian ethnic groups, primarily the Fula; the Zarma and Songhai (in Tillabery, Tahoua and Dosso in Niger); the Kanuri and Shuwa Arabs (in Chad, Sudan and northeastern Nigeria); the Tuareg (in Agadez, Maradi and Zinder); the Gur and Gonja (in northeastern Ghana, Burkina Faso, northern Togo and upper Benin); Gwari (in central Nigeria); and the Mandinka, Bambara, Dioula and Soninke (in Mali, Senegal, Gambia, Ivory Coast and Guinea). The Hausa people who live in the rural areas are known as Maguzawa. Nigeria: Yoruba Culture and Hausa Emirates Price Starts from € 2650 Last Places has designed an itinerary to understand Nigeria, Africa’s most diverse country in cultural terms. Hausa-Fulani Culture is spread on the West and North of the country. Like other cities such as Gao and Timbuktu in the Mali Empire, these city states became centres of long-distance trade. The gowns have wide openings on both sides for ventilation. Hausa people can also be found outside Nigeria. However, the subversive nature of these novels, which are often romantic and family dramas that are otherwise hard to find in the Hausa language, have made them popular, especially among female readers. With the help of an anthropologist that has studied several Nigerian ethnic groups we will learn about their daily live and taboos. Christopher Ehret has suggested that iron smelting was independently discovered in the region prior to 1000 BC. Other designs may include a line along the bridge of the nose, or a single pair of small symmetical dots on the cheeks. However, there exists a large number of other tribes with over 520 languages, some of which had initially branched out from these main three.This is an ultimate guide to some of the indigenous people of Nigeria. [57] Nigeria’s culture is made up of several ethnic groups that speak 527 different languages. [75] The main Hausa-speaking area is northern Nigeria and Niger. The Boko script was imposed on the Hausa by the British and French colonial forces and made the official Hausa alphabet in 1930. The Hausa population resides mostly in the northern parts of Nigeria. There is a large and growing printed literature in Hausa, which includes novels, poetry, plays, instruction in Islamic practice, books on development issues, newspapers, news magazines, and technical academic works. All of these various ethnic groups among and around the Hausa live in the vast and open lands of the Sahel, Saharan and Sudanian regions, and as a result of the geography and the criss crossing network of traditional African trade routes, have had their cultures heavily influenced by their Hausa neighbours, as noted by T.L.