Johannes Tuchel: Am Großen Wannsee 56–58. Regarder des films en streaming complet sur votre smart TV, console de jeu, PC, Mac, smartphone, tablette et bien plus. Der Sohn des NS-Kriegsverbrechers Reinhard Heydrich sorgt in Tschechien für Aufsehen. For Jews residing in the Greater German Reich and holding the status of subjects of the German Reich, the Nuremberg Laws would serve as a basis for determining who was a Jew. [62][d] Josef Bühler, State Secretary of the General Government, stated his support for the plan and his hope that the killings would commence as soon as possible. Reich Minister for the Occupied Eastern Territories Dr. Reich Minister for the Occupied Eastern Territories Dr. Alfred Rosenberg, Office of the Plenipotentiary for the Four Year Plan, Reich Minister and head of the Reich Chancellery SS-, This page was last edited on 29 March 2021, at 23:15. [69] According to Longerich, a primary goal of the meeting was to emphasise that once the deportations had been completed, the fate of the deportees became an internal matter of the SS, totally outside the purview of any other agency. [54] These exemptions applied only to German and Austrian Jews, and were not always observed even for them. Conference participants included representatives from several government ministries, including state secretaries from the Foreign Office, the justice, interior, and state ministries, and representatives from the SS. Some invitees were involved in these preparations, so Heydrich postponed his meeting. [71] Their presence at the meeting also ensured that all those present were accomplices and accessories to the murders that were about to be undertaken. [51], Heydrich went on to say that in the course of the "practical execution of the final solution", Europe would be "combed through from west to east", but that Germany, Austria, and the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia would have priority, "due to the housing problem and additional social and political necessities". Metropol, Berlin 1998, ISBN 3-926893-12-5. The "evacuated" Jews, he said, would first be sent to "transit ghettos" in the General Government, from which they would be transported eastward. Mark Roseman, The Wannsee Conference and the Final Solution (New York: Metropolitan Books, 2002). Despondent at the failure of the project, and the West German government's failure to pursue and convict Nazi war criminals, Wulf committed suicide in 1974. The Wannsee House, site of the conference, is now a Holocaust memorial. Heydrich indicated that approximately 11,000,000 Jews in Europe would fall under the provisions of the "Final Solution." We would like to thank Crown Family Philanthropies and the Abe and Ida Cooper Foundation for supporting the ongoing work to create content and resources for the Holocaust Encyclopedia. The process of disseminating information about the fate of the Jews was already well underway by the time the meeting was held. The SS envisioned that some 11 million Jews, some of them not living on German-controlled territory, would be eradicated as part of the Nazi program. [30] The initial plan was to implement Generalplan Ost after the conquest of the Soviet Union. [60] Otto Hofmann (head of the SS Race and Settlement Main Office; RuSHA) and Wilhelm Stuckart (State Secretary of the Reich Interior Ministry) pointed out the legalistic and administrative difficulties over mixed marriages, and suggested compulsory dissolution of mixed marriages or the wider use of sterilisation as a simpler alternative. This would be a temporary solution, a step towards the "final solution of the Jewish question". Any final remnant that survives will doubtless consist of the elements most capable of resistance. [30], On 29 November 1941, Heydrich sent invitations for a ministerial conference to be held on 9 December at the offices of Interpol at Am Kleinen Wannsee 16. In addition to leaders of Polish society, they killed Jews, prostitutes, Romani people, and the mentally ill.[15][16], On 31 July 1941, Hermann Göring gave written authorization to SS-Obergruppenführer (Senior Group Leader) Reinhard Heydrich, Chief of the Reich Main Security Office (RSHA), to prepare and submit a plan for a "total solution of the Jewish question" in territories under German control and to coordinate the participation of all involved government organisations. [2] Nazi Germany attempted to obtain this new territory by attacking Poland and the Soviet Union, intending to deport or exterminate the Jews and Slavs living there, who were viewed as being inferior to the Aryan master race. [21] The objective of the Hunger Plan was to inflict deliberate mass starvation on the Slavic civilian populations under German occupation by directing all food supplies to the German home population and the Wehrmacht on the Eastern Front. This information was contained in the briefing paper Eichmann prepared for Heydrich before the meeting. The possible final remnant will, since it will undoubtedly consist of the most resistant portion, have to be treated accordingly, because it is the product of natural selection and would, if released, act as the seed of a new Jewish revival. Jahrhundert bis heute. At some still undetermined time in 1941, Adolf Hitler authorized this European-wide scheme for mass murder. [63] Towards the end of the meeting cognac was served, and after that the conversation became less restrained. [6], In September 1935, the Nuremberg Laws were enacted, prohibiting marriages between Jews and people of Germanic extraction, extramarital sexual relations between Jews and Germans, and the employment of German women under the age of 45 as domestic servants in Jewish households. [45], Heydrich opened the conference with an account of the anti-Jewish measures taken in Germany since the Nazi seizure of power in 1933. [60] Eichmann recorded that Heydrich was pleased with the course of the meeting. Legalized discrimination against Jews in Germany began immediately after the Nazi seizure of power in January 1933. This would not apply if they were married to a non-Jew and had children by that marriage. Verbinden Sie Schifffahrten mit Sightseeing in der Berliner City oder auf dem Wannsee, den Havelseen oder dem Müggelsee. [32] He changed the venue on 4 December to the eventual location of the meeting. [36] On 18 December, Hitler discussed the fate of the Jews with Himmler in the Wolfsschanze. Violence and economic pressure were used by the Nazi regime to encourage Jews to voluntarily leave the country. [39], Heydrich invited representatives from several government ministries, including state secretaries from the Foreign Office, the Justice, Interior, and State Ministries, and representatives from the SS. Reich government declared war on the U.S. Reich Chancellery meeting of 12 December 1941, territories of Poland annexed by the Soviet Union, International Military Tribunal at Nuremberg, "The Wannsee Conference, the Fate of German Jews, and Hitler's Decision in Principle to Exterminate All European Jews", List of major perpetrators of the Holocaust, Nazis and Nazi Collaborators (Punishment) Law, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wannsee_Conference&oldid=1014959241, Wikipedia articles with WorldCat-VIAF identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Head of the SS Race and Settlement Main Office (, Commander of the SiPo and the SD in the General Government. Others were aware that units of the German Army and the SS and police were killing Jews in Serbia. Washington, DC 20024-2126 Wie die NS-Bürokratie den Holocaust organisierte. [46] This information was taken from a briefing paper prepared for him the previous week by Eichmann. Im besetzten Polen begann nach der Wannsee-Konferenz 1942 die systematische Deportation, Versklavung und Ermordung von Juden aus ganz Europa. Wählen Sie aus den über 30 Bootstouren und erkunden Sie ganz Berlin mit dem Schiff vom Wasser aus! [4] Violence and economic pressure were used by the regime to force Jews to leave the country. [37] Following the meeting, Himmler made a note on his service calendar, which simply stated: "Jewish question/to be destroyed as partisans". "A" countries were those under direct Reich control or occupation (or partially occupied and quiescent, in the case of Vichy France); "B" countries were allied or client states, neutral, or at war with Germany. In a letter dated 2 July 1941, Heydrich communicated to his SS and Police Leaders that the Einsatzgruppen were to execute Comintern officials, ranking members of the Communist Party, extremist and radical Communist Party members, people's commissars, and Jews in party and government posts. [18] The minutes of the Wannsee Conference estimated the Jewish population of the Soviet Union to be five million, including nearly three million in Ukraine. [19], In addition to eliminating Jews, the Nazis also planned to reduce the population of the conquered territories by 30 million people through starvation in an action called the Hunger Plan devised by Herbert Backe. [12] The Einsatzgruppen (special task forces) performed these murders with the support of the Volksdeutscher Selbstschutz (Germanic Self-Protection Group), a paramilitary group consisting of ethnic Germans living in Poland. The Wannsee Conference (German: Wannseekonferenz) was a meeting of senior government officials of Nazi Germany and Schutzstaffel (SS) leaders, held in the Berlin suburb of Wannsee on 20 January 1942. View the list of all donors. Mit einer Dauer von 1 bis 8 Stunden ist für jeden Wunsch etwas dabei. None of the officials present at the meeting objected to the "Final Solution" policy that Heydrich announced. In late September 1941, Hitler had authorized the Reich Railroads to transport German, Austrian, and Czech Jews to locations in German-occupied Poland and the German-occupied Soviet Union, where German authorities would kill the overwhelming majority of them. He said at his trial: "How shall I put it – certain over-plain talk and jargon expressions had to be rendered into office language by me". The "Final Solution" was the code name for the systematic, deliberate, physical annihilation of the European Jews. [17] The resulting Generalplan Ost (General Plan for the East) called for deporting the population of occupied Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union to Siberia, for use as slave labour or to be murdered. The purpose of the conference, called by the director of the Reich Main Security Office SS-Obergruppenführer Reinhard Heydrich, was to ensure the co-operation of administrative leaders of various government departments in the implementation of the Final solution to the Jewish question (German: Endlösung der Judenfrage), whereby most of the Jews of German-occupied Europe would be deported to occupied Poland and murdered. The purpose of the conference, called by the director of the Reich Main Security Office SS-Obergruppenführer Reinhard Heydrich, was to ensure the co-operation of administrative leaders of … [76], Coordinates: .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}52°25′59″N 013°09′56″E / 52.43306°N 13.16556°E / 52.43306; 13.16556, 1942 meeting of Nazi leaders to formalize plans for the Holocaust. [43][b] He explained that since further Jewish emigration had been prohibited by Himmler, a new solution would take its place: "evacuating" Jews to the east. [34] Somewhere around this time, Hitler resolved that the Jews of Europe were to be exterminated immediately, rather than after the war, which now had no end in sight. [54] Persons in these latter categories would be killed even if married to non-Jews. [18][31] European Jews would be deported to occupied parts of Russia, where they would be worked to death in road-building projects. [70] A secondary goal was to determine the scope of the deportations and arrive at definitions of who was Jewish and who was Mischling. [76] The Joseph Wulf Bibliothek / Mediothek on the second floor houses a large collection of books on the Nazi era, plus other materials such as microfilms and original Nazi documents. [57] More difficulty was anticipated with Germany's allies Romania and Hungary. [74], On 20 January 1992, on the fiftieth anniversary of the conference, the site was finally opened as a Holocaust memorial and museum known as the Haus der Wannsee-Konferenz (House of the Wannsee Conference). [29] By the time planning was underway for the Wannsee Conference, hundreds of thousands of Polish, Serbian, and Russian Jews had already been killed. [61] Erich Neumann from the Four Year Plan argued for the exemption of Jews who were working in industries vital to the war effort and for whom no replacements were available. [20] Food supplies would be diverted to the German army and German civilians. [7] The Reich Citizenship Law stated that only those of German or related blood were defined as citizens; thus, Jews and other minority groups were stripped of their German citizenship. films en VF ou VOSTFR et bien sûr en HD. Jews over 65 years old, and Jewish World War I veterans who had been severely wounded or who had won the Iron Cross, might be sent to Theresienstadt concentration camp instead of being killed. It was not until 1947 that Luther's copy (number 16 out of 30 copies prepared) was found by Robert Kempner, a U.S. prosecutor in the International Military Tribunal at Nuremberg, in files that had been seized from the German Foreign Office. Heydrich assured him that this was already the policy; such Jews would not be killed. Able-bodied Jews, separated according to sex, will be taken in large work columns to these areas for work on roads, in the course of which action doubtless a large portion will be eliminated by natural causes. Then followed about thirty minutes of questions and comments, followed by some less formal conversation. In the course of the meeting, Heydrich outlined how European Jews would be rounded up and sent to extermination camps in the General Government (the occupied part of Poland), where they would be killed.[1]. Representing the SS at the Wannsee Conference were: Representing the agencies of the State were: Not present at the meeting were representatives of the German Armed Forces (Wehrmacht) and the Reich Railroads (Reichsbahn) in the German Ministry of Transportation. [56] In fact the deportation of Romanian Jews was slow and inefficient despite a high degree of popular antisemitism. Heydrich did not call the meeting to make fundamental new decisions on the Jewish question. One copy of the Protocol with circulated minutes of the meeting survived the war. [8] A supplementary decree issued in November defined as Jewish anyone with three Jewish grandparents, or two grandparents if the Jewish faith was followed.