Actual suburbs and localities that are considered to be in the Hills District can be somewhat amorphous and variable. Patrons could not enter clubs or bars in the inner-city after 1:30am, and last drinks were called at 3am. [289] It has been forecast that the population will grow to between 8 and 8.9 million by 2061. [187][188] Customs House was built in 1844 to the specifications of Lewis, with additions from Barnet in 1887 and W L Vernon in 1899. [391] With a rate of 26.3%, Sydney has the highest utilisation of public transport for travel to work of any Australian capital city.[392]. -Re reptiles of the outer north-western suburbs of Sydney. Sydney, with a population of 481,000, then became the state capital of New South Wales. In 1788, the First Fleet of convicts, led by Arthur Phillip, founded Sydney as a British penal colony, the first European settlement in Australia. These and other religious institutions have significantly contributed to the education and health of Sydney's residents over time, particularly through the building and management of schools and hospitals. 1998. [200] The Queen Victoria Building was designed in Romanesque Revival fashion by George McRae and completed in 1898. A line to serve the greater west is planned for 2026 and will include a station for the second international airport. At the 2011 census, 2.4% of Sydney residents are enrolled in a TAFE course. Phillip named the settlement after Thomas Townshend, 1st Viscount Sydney. The Great Depression of the 1930s had a severe effect on Sydney's economy, as it … [386] 84.9% of Sydney households own a motor vehicle and 46.5% own two or more. [278] On average, the tourism industry contributes $36 million to the city's economy per day. [181] The southwest is home to one of Sydney's oldest trees, the Bland Oak, which was planted in the 1840s by William Bland in the suburb of Carramar. [145][146][147], Green Square is a former industrial area of Waterloo which is undergoing urban renewal worth $8 billion. Despite being one of the most expensive cities in the world,[17] Sydney frequently ranks in the top ten most liveable cities in the world. Sydney started in 1788, when the Captain Arthur Phillip brought the First Fleet to settle in Australia. The southern parts of the city are drained by the Georges River and the Cooks River into Botany Bay. [130] Snowfall was last reported in the Sydney City area in 1836, while a fall of graupel, or soft hail, was mistaken by many for snow, in July 2008. Sydney, city, capital of the state of New South Wales, Australia. [372] That trade was ended with the Declaration of Independence by the United States in 1776. One of Sydney's biggest event holding convention centre is the newly rebuilt International Convention Centre located by Darling Harbour, Sydney. [101] Sydney experiences an urban heat island effect. During early colonial times, the presiding Governor and his military shared absolute control over the population. The food situation reached crisis point in 1790. Sydney FC and the Western Sydney Wanderers compete in the A-League (men's) and W-League (women's) soccer competitions and Sydney frequently hosts matches for the Australian national men's team, the Socceroos. [221] Whilst terrace houses are common in the inner city areas, it is detached houses that dominate the landscape in the outer suburbs. The terrace style housing has largely been retained and Darlinghurst has undergone significant gentrification since the 1980s. [277], The city also received 8.3 million domestic overnight visitors in 2013 who spent a total of $6 billion. The region now mainly features medium- and high-density housing. The percentage of trips taken by car has increased from 13% in 1947 to 50% in 1960 and to 70% in 1971. [371], The first hospital in the new colony was a collection of tents at The Rocks. The Sydney Swans and Greater Western Sydney Giants are local Australian rules football clubs that play in the Australian Football League. [288] Sydney's population at the time of the 2016 census was 5,005,400. Die an Australiens Ostküste gelegene Metropole umgibt Port Jackson und erstreckt sich an ihrer Peripherie etwa 70 km in Richtung der Blue Mountains im Westen, Hawkesbury im Norden, des Royal National Park im Süden und Macarthur im Südwesten. [308] Other museums based in Sydney include the Powerhouse Museum and the Australian National Maritime Museum. [354], The Constitution Act of 1855 gave New South Wales a bicameral government. Sydney city and its surrounding suburbs include the Central Business District, Inner City, Sydney East, Sydney North, Sydney South and Sydney West. [243] The Global Cities Index recognises it as number fourteen in the world based on global engagement. [104] Sydney has an average of 7.2 hours of sunshine per day[105] and 109.5 clear days annually. [201] It was built on the site of the Sydney Central Markets and accommodates 200 shops across its three storeys.[202]. Hunters Hill and Gladesville are often also considered as being part of the Lower North Shore. New South Wales contests the annual State of Origin series against Queensland. [343] 2UE was founded in 1925 and under the ownership of Fairfax Media is the oldest station still broadcasting. [300] A further 10.9% of residents identified themselves as Anglicans and an additional 5.8% as Muslim. In accordance with the Australian Bureau of Statistics source. The city now has a world heritage listed building, several national heritage listed buildings, and dozens of Commonwealth heritage listed buildings as evidence of the survival of Macquarie's ideals. Parramatta Road was opened in 1811, which is one of Sydney's oldest roads and Australia's first highway between two cities – Sydney (present day city centre) and Parramatta. In: Vitharana, Nihal Dhamsiri (Editor); Colman, Randal (Editor). § 55 Abs. [359] Government House was completed in 1845 and has served as the home of 25 Governors and 5 Governors-General. [142] Westfield Sydney, located beneath the Sydney Tower, is the largest shopping centre by area in Sydney. [182], The earliest structures in the colony were built to the bare minimum of standards. [48] Phillip sent exploratory missions in search of better soils and fixed on the Parramatta region as a promising area for expansion and moved many of the convicts from late 1788 to establish a small township, which became the main centre of the colony's economic life, leaving Sydney Cove only as an important port and focus of social life. [26] Sydney makes up half of Australia's finance sector and has been promoted by consecutive Commonwealth Governments as Asia Pacific's leading financial centre. The Sydney Writers' Festival is held every year between April and May. [304][305] Other rock art sites exist in the Sydney region, such as in Terrey Hills and Bondi, although the locations of most are not publicised to prevent damage by vandalism, and to retain their quality, as they are still regarded as sacred sites by Indigenous Australians. Major features in the area include the University of Sydney and the Parramatta River, as well as a large cosmopolitan community and the nightlife hub on King Street in Newtown. Sydney holds events throughout the year that attract tourists from around the world, some namely events are Vivid Sydney, Royal Easter Show, and more. [247] The Financial and Insurance Services industry accounts for 18.1% of gross product and is ahead of Professional Services with 9% and Manufacturing with 7.2%. It occasionally features Australian theatre icons such as David Williamson, Hugo Weaving, and Geoffrey Rush. Sydney Football Stadium was completed in 1988 and is used for rugby and soccer matches. [116] In 2009, dry conditions brought a severe dust storm towards eastern Australia. It was replaced in this role in 1959 by the Reserve Bank of Australia which is also based in Sydney. The Wianamatta shale generally comprises fine grained sedimentary rocks such as shales, mudstones, ironstones, siltstones and laminites, with less common sandstone units. It moved from George Street to Campbell Street to its current setting in Dixon Street in 1980. [328] The Royal Easter Show is held every year at Sydney Olympic Park. In the early years, drought and disease caused widespread problems, but the situation soon improved. Sydney is a city on the east coast of Australia which is the capital city of New South Wales. [10] During his first Pacific voyage in 1770, Lieutenant James Cook and his crew became the first Europeans to chart the eastern coast of Australia, making landfall at Botany Bay and inspiring British interest in the area. [86], Sydney is home to dozens of bird species,[87] which commonly include the Australian raven, Australian magpie, crested pigeon, noisy miner and the pied currawong, among others. Others have visited the city and commented on it. [245] The economy struggled at first due to difficulties in cultivating the land and the lack of a stable monetary system. [301] One of the biggest crime related issues to face the city in recent times was the introduction of lock-out laws in February 2014,[302] in an attempt to curb alcohol fuelled violence. [236] The Gardens are not just a place for exploration and relaxation, but also for scientific research with herbarium collections, a library and laboratories. Windsor and Old Windsor Roads are historic roads in Australia, as they are the second and third roads, respectively, laid in the colony. [387][388][389] The Light Horse Interchange in western Sydney is the largest in the southern hemisphere. [27][260] Western Sydney continues to struggle to create jobs to meet its population growth despite the development of commercial centres like Parramatta. Poor equipment and unfamiliar soils and climate continued to hamper the expansion of farming from Farm Cove to Parramatta and Toongabbie, but a building programme, assisted by convict labour, advanced steadily. Utzon was awarded the Pritzker Prize in 2003 for his work on the Opera House. [217], Sydney surpass both New York City and Paris real estate prices, having some of the most expensive in the world,[218][219] The city remains Australia's most expensive housing market, with the mean house price at $1,142,212 as of December 2019 (over 25% higher the national mean house price).[220]. There was a 30% increase in the number of apartments in Sydney between 1996 and 2006. [N 5][294][295], 38.2% of people in Sydney speak a language other than English at home with Mandarin (4.7%), Arabic (4.0%), Cantonese (2.9%), Vietnamese (2.1%) and Greek (1.6%) the most widely spoken.[298]. [245], Sydney's nominal gross domestic product was AU$400.9 billion and AU$80,000 per capita[246] in 2015. [12] In the 2016 Census, about 35.8% of residents spoke a language other than English at home. Results 1-20 of 680,185 Each day about 200,000 commuters travel from Western Sydney to the CBD and suburbs in the east and north of the city. The Australian government launched a large scale multicultural immigration program. [45] The colony was at first to be titled "New Albion" (after Albion, another name for Great Britain), but Phillip decided on "Sydney".The official proclamation and naming of the colony happened on 7 February 1788. [314] Contemporary art galleries are found in Waterloo, Surry Hills, Darlinghurst, Paddington, Chippendale, Newtown, and Woollahra. Sydney Technical College was completed in 1893 using both Romanesque Revival and Queen Anne approaches. Demand for emergency medical care increased from 1895 with the introduction of an ambulance service. The first organised sports were boxing, wrestling, and horse racing from 1810 in Hyde Park. Suburbs surrounding the CBD include Woolloomooloo and Potts Point to the east, Surry Hills and Darlinghurst to the south, Pyrmont and Ultimo to the west, and Millers Point and The Rocks to the north. More than 50,000 international students study at the city's universities and a further 50,000 study at its vocational and English language schools. [221], Most immigrants to Sydney between 1840 and 1930 were British, Irish or Chinese. [309][310], In 1866 then Queen Victoria gave her assent to the formation of the Royal Society of New South Wales. Phillip described Port Jackson as being "without exception the finest harbour in the world". The region also features Sydney Heads, a series of headlands which form the 2 km (1.2 mi) wide entrance to Sydney Harbour. Sydney Airport, officially "Sydney Kingsford-Smith Airport", is located in the inner southern suburb of Mascot with two of the runways going into Botany Bay. Sydney ist die Hauptstadt des Bundesstaates New South Wales und die bevölkerungsreichste Stadt in Australien und Ozeanien. Most of these suburbs measure less than 1 square kilometre (0.4 square miles) in area. [34] Established in 1906, Central station, the largest and busiest railway station in the state, is the main hub of the city's rail network. Explore places to visit, things to do, road trips, restaurants, accommodation and more. Prior to the arrival of the British, there were 4,000 to 8,000 native people in Sydney from as many as 29 different clans. Construction of the CBD and South East Light Rail was completed in April 2020. Protectionist policies after federation allowed for the creation of a manufacturing industry which became the city's largest employer by the 1920s. [49], Officers and convicts alike faced starvation as supplies ran low and little could be cultivated from the land. In 1997, the Inner West Light Rail (also known as the Dulwich Hill Line) opened between Central station and Wentworth Park. [415] Electric cars do not produce carbon monoxide and nitrous oxide, gases which contribute to climate change. 7.8% of Sydney residents are attending primary school and 6.4% are enrolled in secondary school. Covering 5,800 square kilometres (2,200 sq mi) and having an estimated resident population as at 2017 of 2,288,554, western Sydney has the most multicultural suburbs in the country. [244][283] International education contributes $1.6 billion to the local economy and creates demand for 4,000 local jobs each year. [112][113] Due to the inland location, frost is recorded early in the morning in Western Sydney a few times in winter. Das macht sie zur größten Stadt in ganz Ozeanien. The national Wallabies rugby union team competes in Sydney in international matches such as the Bledisloe Cup, Rugby Championship, and World Cup. Sydney Trains is the suburban rail service. Historically, rainfall has been fairly uniform throughout the year, although much recently it has been more summer-dominant. [247][27] Its gross domestic product was AU$337 billion in 2013, the largest in Australia. The year 1840 was the final year of convict transportation to Sydney, which by this time had a population of 35,000. [222] 31.6% of dwellings in Sydney are rented, 30.4% are owned outright and 34.8% are owned with a mortgage. Southern Sydney includes the suburbs in the local government areas of former Rockdale, Georges River Council (collectively known as the St George area), and broadly it also includes the suburbs in the local government area of Sutherland, south of the Georges River (colloquially known as 'The Shire'). [152] The area is also serviced by numerous bus routes and cycleways. The city is among the top fifteen most-visited cities in the world,[30] with millions of tourists coming each year to see the city's landmarks. [2], Macquarie gave a charter in 1817 to form the first bank in Australia, the Bank of New South Wales. All Family Trees results for Sydney Kinder. Torok, S. and Nicholls, N. 1996. Met. In addition to Financial Services and Tourism, the Creative and Technology sectors are focus industries for the City of Sydney and represented 9% and 11% of its economic output in 2012. Only 33.1% of the population had both parents born in Australia. [188] Greenway went on to design the Hyde Park Barracks in 1819 and the Georgian style St James's Church in 1824. [48] Between 1788 and 1792, convicts and their jailers made up the majority of the population; in one generation, however, a population of emancipated convicts who could be granted land began to grow. North Sydney itself consists of a large commercial centre, with its own business centre, which contains the second largest concentration of high-rise buildings in Sydney, after the CBD. [184][185][186], In 1814 the Governor called on a convict named Francis Greenway to design Macquarie Lighthouse.